Friday, 16 July 2021

Eastern Walkabout - Istanbul - The Asian Side

 Still in Istanbul and have been spending more time on the Asian side the last few weeks, visiting new places, accidentally finding others such as Küçüksu, and returning to some of my favorite spots including Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanic Garden (NGBB).  During this post, I'll share some more plant observations from around the city and some photos from the Botanic Garden.


The most enjoyable way to travel to the Asian side is certainly via the ferries. They run every 15-20 minutes from multiple locations on both sides of the Bosporus and no matter how many times I've made the journey it never fails to make a favorable impression, especially so when the sun is setting and you spot a group of dolphins making their way through the waters too. I managed to get a short, very bad video of some dolphins swimming beside the ferry crossing between Beşiktaş and Küçüksu , it's on our Instagram page here. There are 3 species of dolphin that inhabit the Strait,  bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), and harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena).  I've no idea which is which.  

Photo by Oleksandr Ryzhkov

Usually, I'm here in the winter and I'll bring some old bread with me to toss to the 100's of Gulls that follow the boats. The goals will eventually fly down and take the bread right out of your hand but during the summer, it seems, the birds have plenty of food elsewhere and don't bother with the people on the boats. 


Plantings around the City


Whilst traveling around the more recently developed areas of the city such as Levent and Atasheir, it's notable that many of the new housing developments have paid special attention to their landscaped gardens within and around the properties and it is generally apparent that there are more green spaces and plant cover. The below photo was taken from the top floor of the Istanbul Sapphire in Levent where you can find an incredible view of the city. It clearly shows the contrast between the older parts of the city with the newly developed areas.

One example that really stood out for me was a 5m wide border of Sedum ground covers planted adjacent to the pathways in a residential block. The cover is composed of at least 3 species of Sedum, Sedum album on the right, Sedum acre with yellow flowers that can be seen in the third wider angled photo, and Sedem spurium - Caucasian Stonecrop on the left. We grow all of these plants in our gardens in Shipka as clumps of ground cover in dry sunny spots but it was really interesting to see them grown this way.


The result is very low maintenance and low input ground cover that provides excellent forage for bees and other pollinators looks stunning during the flowering period and also provides year-round evergreen cover. The below photo does not really do it justice.



Over in Fulya, I found this excellent example how effective climber, Parthenocıssus trıcuspıdata - Boston Ivy can be to soften new buildings. It's often used on new office buildings and apartments in and around the central areas.

At first, I did not recognize the plant as  Parthenocıssus trıcuspıdata - Boston Ivy as the leaves I am familiar with have sharper lobed leaves but google and two different plant ID apps seem convinced it was indeed Parthenocıssus trıcuspıdata - Boston Ivy. I would imagine you could find a large diversity of invertebrates within the vegetation and the plant produces small black berries in the Autumn which according to some reports feed over 30 species of birds. 

I'd love to see a multi-year time-lapse of these plants wrapping buildings!  

The majority of the residential properties in this city, which has been inhabited for over 2000 years, are no more than 40 years old and often younger. This is a result of Istanbul being within close proximity to the North Anatolian fault, a boundary between two major tectonic plates where devastating earthquakes occur frequently.  There are, however, parts of the city where wooden Ottoman-style houses built from pine and oak in the 19th century, have been preserved in excellent condition but occasionally you will find one of these homes standing among the new concrete buildings. They are quite delightful, especially so this one in Besiktas that has been claimed by Vitis vinifera cv. - Grape and Prunus armeniaca ​- Apricot espalier.  


It's the first time I can recall seeing Ligustrum lucidum - Chinese Privet Tree from the Oleaceae family. It's a beautiful tree with large glossy leaves and produces clusters of small white flowers that are highly desirable to honey bees. The flowers are just starting to emerge this time of the year. The plant has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 1,000 years and is planted as a specimen tree in residential areas and used for hedging around the city. It being USDA hardiness 8-11 it would not survive in Bulgaria but I'm surprised I have not come across it before in the UK. According to pfaf.org, the shoots contain a glycoside and are probably toxic but there are some reports that young shoots can be cooked and eaten, a food source of last resort. 


Mediterranean classic, Nerium oleander. I learned recently that the whole plant is deadly poisonous and there are even accounts that using the wood for a skewer when cooking can lead to death.


 Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanic Garden (NGBB)


I've visited this garden many times over the last 8 years and have really enjoyed witnessing the growth of the place. The whole project was conceived just 26 years ago in 1995 and open to the public in 2002. The below photos were taken from the Central Island that you can see in the below image from the garden's website. 

Opuntia spp. growing in the Arid and Saline Garden where you can find a collection of xerophyte and halophyte species. I'm not sure of the species, but when we were kids we would travel to Malta, my Mother's home country, for the summer holidays and would enjoy feasting on the fruits of these plants that are quite delicious, if you know how to get into them,  and even better when chilled in the fridge. Beware of the tiny spines, they look harmless but get them on your hands and it will feel like they are on fire. 

Welcome to our Online Store where you can find Forest Garden/ Permaculture plants, seeds, bulbs and Polyculture multi-packs along with digital goods and services such as Online Courses, Webinars, eBooks, and Online Consultancy.  We hope you enjoy the store and find something you like :) It's your purchases that keep our Project going. Yuu can also find our full list of trees. shrubs and herbs for forest gardens on our website here 

 

 The Crevice garden on the top of a hill in the central garden is quite a spectacle featuring 145 taxa of mostly Turkish natives. These plants are generally from rocky habitats often found at high altitudes where they are protected from grazing animals by growing in rock crevices. The rocks have been arranged beautifully and the views from the hill of the surrounding city are amazing.

The crevice garden on the central island. The views of the surrounding city are awesome.  In the left photo you can see the new financial district under construction and on the right, a mall, residential zone, and university that was completed five or six years ago. 

Always impressed by the prostrate Rosmarinus officinalis - Rosemary used extensively around the gardens, particularly the cascading shoots over the dry stone walls. This cultivar is 'Prostratus' 

That's all for now. For what's going on in Shipka check out Sophie's blog here and here

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Forest Gardening and the Promise of Tasty Veg - Week 6 - ESC - The Polyculture Project

 

This week most of the ESC team went off to a training session in Sofia to meet other volunteers taking part in various projects around Bulgaria, and also to gain a deeper understanding of what their role involves. Meanwhile, back at HQ, Marco stayed to help in the gardens, and we got a lot done with a central focus on watering, or at least, preparing the garden to receive the water. With temps at around 30 degrees C every day and no promise of rain in the coming week, we have now officially started our dry season, during which it's possible to see up to 3 or 4 months with no rainfall.  We are fortunate to be able to access water from a local mountain river that brings water into the gardens of many local food growers. You can see an image of the west side irrigation system below with the points in red marking the diversion points.


In order for the gardens to get maximum efficiency from this incredible resource, we have designed all of our garden layouts based on the use of flood irrigation, positioning access and earthworks to distribute water across the site and slowly sink into the soils. We've found using raised beds laid out on contour with sunken pathways between is very effective, with the pathways doubling up as irrigation channels. not only does the water sink into the soils but capillary action also draws water up into the raised beds.

The water coming into the home garden

The channels in Aponia, the forest garden need clearing annually, and Marco has done an amazing job with that this year. From now on we should be able to bring the water in weekly. 





Whilst clearing the channels in the late scrub area of the garden, I found this beautiful Leopard Slug - Limax maximus hiding under a plank of wood. I believe it's one of the largest species of slug in the family Limacidae, the keeled slugs. 



The ripening berries of the Rowan - Sorbus aucuparia . It's an excellent small tree seen growing here in the lower canopy of the forest garden. The berries are a good source of nutrition for birds and it's highly ornamental.



Below you can see the nuts forming in a Hazel tree in Aponia. When we speak of Hazel we are generally referring to two species, Corylus avellana and Corylus maxima. The two species produce slightly different shape nuts and take different growth forms.  Corylus avellana produces Hazelnuts and Corylus maxima produces Filberts. There are 14–18 species in the Corylus genus, but many of the European cultivars we have nowadays are Corylus avellana, Corylus maxima or the result of hybrids between these two species.



Over at Katelepsis, the volunteer house, the annual vegetables are really taking off this week. The crew have been carefully observing and maintaining the plants and for some of them it's their first experience with growing food. The tomato plants are flowering and some first fruits are forming. We've mixed and swapped plants with neighbours and friends, so there should be an interesting diversity of fruit coming from many different cultivars. It's also the first time that we've grown Leeks with any success, so we're really looking forward to them. The cultivar is 'Bulgarian Giant Leek' and they really live up to that name, as we'd never seen a leek as big before arriving here. The first beans are ready for harvesting, and this week should herald the arrival of the first courgette of the season ;)




Welcome to our Online Store where you can find Forest Garden/ Permaculture plants, seeds, bulbs and Polyculture multi-packs along with digital goods and services such as Online Courses, Webinars, eBooks, and Online Consultancy.  We hope you enjoy the store and find something you like :) It's your purchases that keep our Project going. Yuu can also find our full list of trees. shrubs and herbs for forest gardens on our website here 

 




To read the ESC crew's personal blog see here.




Regenerative Landscape Design - Online Interactive Course 


Want to learn how to design, build and manage regenerative landscapes?  Join us for our Regenerative Landscape Design - Online Interactive Course from May 1st to Sep 13th, 2023. 

We're super excited about running the course and look forward to providing you with the confidence, inspiration, and opportunity to design, build and manage regenerative landscapes, gardens, and farms that produce food and other resources for humans while enhancing biodiversity.

Regenerative Landscape Design Online Course

You can find out all about the course here and right now we have a 20% discount on the full enrollment fees. Just use the promo code
 RLD2023 in the section of the registration form to receive your discount. 

We are looking forward to providing you with this unique online learning experience - as far as we know, the very first of its kind. If you are thinking of reasons why you should do this course and whether this course is suitable for you, take a look here where we lay it all out. Looking forward to it!

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We offer a diversity of plants and seeds for permaculture, forest gardens and regenerative landscapes including a range of fruit and nut cultivars. We Deliver all over Europe from Nov - March. - Give a happy plant a happy home :)


Our Bio-Nursery - Permaculture/Polyculture/ Regenerative Landscape Plants 

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Support Our Project 




If you appreciate the work we are doing you can show your support in several ways.

  • Comment, like, and share our content on social media.
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We're hosting a range of online learning sessions including how to create habitat to enhance biodiversity, how to design and build a forest garden, polyculture design software tutorials, regenerative farm, and landscape design, urban gardening and much more. If you would like to be notified when our next sessions are coming up please add your email below and hit subscribe and we'll be in touch.




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Tuesday, 6 July 2021

A Bee's Nest, Mulberry Harvest & Dewberry - Week 5 - ESC - The Polyculture Project

We started the week continuing on our mission to get the biomass cut in Aponia before the dry season begins and the grasses start to compete with the cultivated plants and trees for water. In the below photo you can see Fanny, standing by the Biomass Belt which is a support polyculture designed to be cut and applied to neighboring Comfrey beds, that in turn provide fertility to nearby large cultivated beds. From 2015 - 2019 inclusive these beds housed annual vegetables grown as part of our Market Garden Study. Nowadays they are largely empty, although some of our nursery stock currently resides there. In the future, these beds will become an extension of the forest garden.

Fanny standing by the Biomass belt. The predominant species is Miscanthus x giganteus

Markus was scything an area near to the Biomass Belt when he discovered a bee's nest, probably a ground-nesting bee, combined with an ant's nest on the ground. Thankfully the bees didn't seem too upset by the disturbance and we left the area alone, scything around it. It's great to see beneficial organisms like this in the garden and shows the value in leaving large areas of a landscape untouched. Afterward I realized it would have been better to have left the area alone completely, but as we need to bring the water into the garden soon, we wanted to clearly identify and clear the water channels in the garden. The grasses were almost as tall as some of our volunteers in places!



A Bee and Ant nest combined

A large limb snapped out of our 8 year old Paulownia tree this week, due to the high winds experienced during a thunderstorm. The branches from the fallen limb were used in a stick pile in the garden, providing a different habitat type for beneficial organisms to visit and possibly breed in. Having a variety of habitat types in the garden encourages a wide range of creatures to take up residence.

The Paulownia tree with a limb snapped out

Our beloved 3 -legged cat Scutch on a log pile in the home garden

In woodlands, dead and decaying wood is a natural occurrence and provides essential habitat for lots of wildlife within this ecosystem. Log piles mimic fallen trees and provide shelter for hibernating small mammals and insects, worms and grubs. You will also see a succession of interesting fungi emerge over the years and within four or five years (depending on the wood and the size of the log) you will have a pile of rich soil. Toads are particularly fond of log piles as they retain moisture and often attract slugs that toads dine upon. Piles of deadwood, logs, leaf litter, and dead vegetation are also very popular with hibernating and breeding insects, beetles, woodlice and ladybirds in particular.


You can find out all about the course here and use the registration form to sign up for the whole course or individual weeks or modules.

Shaking the Mulberries off the tree and watching them rain down into the net is always a pleasure. This year the White Mulberry - Morus alba fruit was particularly sweet and abundant. One of our ESC volunteers Rushar is trying out making fruit leathers with them. You can find out more about how the ESC project is going on the volunteers' personal blog. and more on this incredible tree in our Essential Guide to Growing Mulberry




The Dewberry - Rubus caesius is forming a very dense mat underneath the cherry tree. Dewberry is a low growing shrub native to Europe and found in the under-story of woodland. The plant, once established, spreads readily via rhizomes making it an ideal ground cover choice as can be seen in the below photo.



Welcome to our Online Store where you can find Forest Garden/ Permaculture plants, seeds, bulbs and Polyculture multi-packs along with digital goods and services such as Online Courses, Webinars, eBooks, and Online Consultancy.  We hope you enjoy the store and find something you like :) It's your purchases that keep our Project going. Yuu can also find our full list of trees. shrubs and herbs for forest gardens on our website here 

 




Another little shady spot in the garden with Ivy and Ajuga reptans  growing in the ground and herb layers. Little nooks and crannies like this in the garden fill me with joy :)


Finally for this week, a clip of a beautiful Scorpion fly - Panorpa communis (I think) that we observed in the home garden this week. 



  •  

     

    Regenerative Landscape Design - Online Interactive Course 


    Want to learn how to design, build and manage regenerative landscapes?  Join us for our Regenerative Landscape Design - Online Interactive Course from May 1st to Sep 13th, 2023. 

    We're super excited about running the course and look forward to providing you with the confidence, inspiration, and opportunity to design, build and manage regenerative landscapes, gardens, and farms that produce food and other resources for humans while enhancing biodiversity.

    Regenerative Landscape Design Online Course

    You can find out all about the course here and right now we have a 20% discount on the full enrollment fees. Just use the promo code
     RLD2023 in the section of the registration form to receive your discount. 

    We are looking forward to providing you with this unique online learning experience - as far as we know, the very first of its kind. If you are thinking of reasons why you should do this course and whether this course is suitable for you, take a look here where we lay it all out. Looking forward to it!


    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We offer a diversity of plants and seeds for permaculture, forest gardens and regenerative landscapes including a range of fruit and nut cultivars. We Deliver all over Europe from Nov - March. - Give a happy plant a happy home :)


    Our Bio-Nursery - Permaculture/Polyculture/ Regenerative Landscape Plants 

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Support Our Project 




    If you appreciate the work we are doing you can show your support in several ways.

    • Comment, like, and share our content on social media.
    • Donate directly via PayPal to balkanecologyproject@gmail.com or via FTX Pay


    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



    Design and Create Webinars - Forest Gardens, Urban Gardens, Permaculture, Regenerative Farming  
     


    We're hosting a range of online learning sessions including how to create habitat to enhance biodiversity, how to design and build a forest garden, polyculture design software tutorials, regenerative farm, and landscape design, urban gardening and much more. If you would like to be notified when our next sessions are coming up please add your email below and hit subscribe and we'll be in touch.




    You can also register for our online training, services, and products directly here.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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