We're super excited to welcome our 2019 Polyculture Study team and get going with the study . Leo and Misha who are travelling Europe popped in for a week and Misha and Philip have arrived who will be staying with us for the duration of the study. Next week we will be joined by Ronan, and the week after that Leonor.
But first just to let you know we've revamped our Online Store where you can find Forest Garden/ Permaculture Plants, Seeds, Cuttings, Bulbs, Rhizomes and Polyculture Multi-packs along with digital goods and services such as Online Courses, Webinars, eBooks, and Online Consultancy and finally we've added a Bulk Fruit and Nut Tree order form for Farms, Orchards, Nurseries, and Large Regenerative Landscape Projects. If there is anything in the store you would like to see but is not there, please let us know. We hope you enjoy the store and find something you like :) It's your purchases that keep our Project going. Thank you. Enter Our Store Here
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| Plants, Seeds, eBooks, Consultancy, Bulk Fruit and Nut Tree Orders for Permaculture, Polyculture, Forest Gardens and Regenerative Landscapes. |
Aponia - The Market Garden
On the first day Leo, Misha and I got straight to it with some perennial polyculture planting in the market garden. The productive polyculture includes an upper canopy of Prunus tomentosa - Nanking Cherry shrub layer of Vaccinium corymbosum cv. - Blueberry and Rubus idaeus cv. - Raspberry, ground cover Ajuga reptans - Bugle with Tulipa sp. - Tulip , Galanthus gracilis - Snowdrop bulb layer with native herbs around the perimeter of the bed and in the basin of the Swale
The polyculture is planted on the berm of a swale that we can fill from a perennial stream that makes it very easy to water the bed during the dry season. Here is an illustration of the polyculture (not including the bulb layer, that can be distributed evenly among the spaces between plants).
The polyculture plants ready for transplanting into the swale
After planting we watered well and mulched it with straw
Ataraxia - Perennial Polyculture Trial Garden
Over in Ataraxia we continued to plant out the Miscanthus x giganteus - Giant Miscanthus beds for our biomass trials. Miscanthus x giganteus - Giant Miscanthus grows well on marginal land and needs little fertility, it is a C4 plant, and thus exhibits greater photosynthetic efficiency and lower water use requirements than other kinds of plants. It has very low nutritional requirements. These attributes should make this plant an excellent "grow your own" mulch option. You can read more about our biomass trials here.
We divided clumps planted last year separating the rhizome pieces with new shoots emerging.
We forked over the bed to relieve compaction using these excellent handmade broadforks from Gligans.
and planted the rhizome pieces, planting these approx. 30 cm apart in 3 rows across the bed.
After planting we water well and apply a thick layer of mulch to the surface. The emerging shoots will have no problem pushing through the mulch.
I also started planting out an overflow swale in Ataraxia, planting eight Vitis vinifera cv. - Grape vines on the north side of the swale. I found a local grower with a cultivar called 'Moldova' that is reportedly a very good desert grape resistant to many diseases and suitable for bio growing This cultivar was created in Kishinev Institute of Vine and Wine in Moldova. We'll be offering this cultivar from the bionursery this Autumn and will add more plants to this swale over the coming weeks
The idea is to train the vines to grow as a four- cane Kniffin system. This system is characterised by four canes, two on each side of the trunk, trained onto two trellis wires. In addition, four very short canes (termed renewal spurs) are also retained. The renewal spurs contain one or two buds and are very important in the training system. The buds on the renewal spurs provide shoots and ultimately the canes for next year's crop. (original source)
A New Garden - Phronêsis
We are starting a new garden this year and continuing with our Stoicism theme we have named the area Phronêsis, a word that was knocking around back in the days of the ancient Greeks and refers to a type of wisdom relevant to practical action.
We started the initial topography survey where we will be building a forest garden during our upcoming Design and Build - Forest Garden Course - 25-28 April . This forest garden is dedicated to Joost W. van der Laan who very generously donated to our Polyculture Project Crowdfunder last year.
I found this excellent example of succession at work in the new garden. The Northern border of Phronesis is dominated by Prunus spinosa - Sloe, a thorny pioneer shrub that establishes relatively quickly on grasslands and can creep in from woodland edges via underground suckers (rhizomes). Herbivores such as deer, sheep, goats, cattle etc. will browse the new spring growth but do not eat the lignified woody part of the plants. This encourages growth from the center of the plant to emerge and results over time in very dense compact shrubs . It's the same effect you find when you trim a shrub. The thorny nature of this plant results an impenetrable barrier for the livestock and excellent nursery site for tree seeds that may make there way into the scrub. Tree seeds that germinate in the pasture will quickly be eaten by herbivores but the seeds in the scrub are protected and as you can see in the photo below this self seeded apple tree is emerging healthily and tall.
Over longer periods of time (10 - 40 years) the emerging trees grow larger, and the leafy crowns will shade out the pioneer shrubs killing them off with the area eventually transitioning over to woodland. The Prunus spinosa - Sloe can move away from the shade via the aformentioned suckers and will spread further into the grassland and in this way grassland will eventually revert to woodland. If you look closely you can see the small clumps of Prunus spinosa - Sloe and Rosa canina - Dog Rose (that play the same role as Sloe)growing among the grasses below.
Forest Garden
Prunus persica - Wild Peach blossoms are very impressive this year with this 5 year old tree putting on quite a show. Looking forward to the first fruits in August.
I'm not sure if this is guttation or dew but whatever it is it looks magical on the already beautiful Akebia quinata - Chocolate Vine. Guttation is the exudation of drops of xylem sap on the tips or edges of leaves of some vascular plants. Dew on the other hand condenses from the atmosphere onto the plant surface.
Guttation happens at night when the soil is very moist and the roots absorb water. If there is too much water, root pressure causes the water to squeeze out of the plant and onto the tips of the leaves or the blades of the plant. As water from soil passes through the guttation process, it picks up minerals, enzymes and other chemicals and is called xylem sap. (original source). It has not properly rained here for at least 4 weeks but this plant is located right next to water tank and outside tap so perhaps it has managed to access the water?
It's always a pleasure to witness the blossoms of Prunus spinosa - Sloe shown here growing under Juglans regia - Persian Walnut in our perennial polyculture trial garden - Ataraxia. These plants obviously have no trouble growing under Walnuts - here is a list of other plants we have observed to be largely unaffected by negative allelopathy often associated with Walnuts. I found this interesting article regarding walnut negative allelopathy. It seems there is still much to learn.
Regenerative Landscape Design - Online Interactive Course
Want to learn how to design, build and manage regenerative landscapes? Join us for our Regenerative Landscape Design - Online Interactive Course from May 1st to Sep 13th, 2023.
We're super excited about running the course and look forward to providing you with the confidence, inspiration, and opportunity to design, build and manage regenerative landscapes, gardens, and farms that produce food and other resources for humans while enhancing biodiversity.
Regenerative Landscape Design Online Course
You can find out all about the course here and right now we have a 20% discount on the full enrollment fees. Just use the promo code RLD2023 in the section of the registration form to receive your discount.
We are looking forward to providing you with this unique online learning experience - as far as we know, the very first of its kind. If you are thinking of reasons why you should do this course and whether this course is suitable for you, take a look here where we lay it all out. Looking forward to it!
We're super excited about running the course and look forward to providing you with the confidence, inspiration, and opportunity to design, build and manage regenerative landscapes, gardens, and farms that produce food and other resources for humans while enhancing biodiversity.
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| Regenerative Landscape Design Online Course |
You can find out all about the course here and right now we have a 20% discount on the full enrollment fees. Just use the promo code RLD2023 in the section of the registration form to receive your discount.
We are looking forward to providing you with this unique online learning experience - as far as we know, the very first of its kind. If you are thinking of reasons why you should do this course and whether this course is suitable for you, take a look here where we lay it all out. Looking forward to it!
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If you appreciate the work we are doing you can show your support in several ways.
- Make a purchase of plants or seeds from our Bionursery or Online Store
- Consider joining us for one of our Courses or Online Courses
- Comment, like, and share our content on social media.
- Donate directly via PayPal to balkanecologyproject@gmail.com or via FTX Pay
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