Saturday 14 July 2018

Pest and Diseases in the Market Garden

Our chief strategy to deal with pest and disease in the vegetable gardens is to reduce plant stress levels as much as possible. We achieve this by well timed planting out, providing adequate irrigation and building healthy soils with diverse microbiology to nurture the plants. 


Other steps we take are to try many cultivars and stick with the ones that perform best, grow our own plants from seed and only select the healthiest seedlings (for some species we save seed from the best performing plants). We also plant in polycultures to make it more difficult for pests to locate our plants and we introduce various habitats in the gardens for pest predators such as hedgehogs, birds, snakes, lizards, frogs, toads, ladybirds, wasps, mantids and beetles. Finally we practice manual pest removal for certain pests such as Cabbage White eggs and  Brassica Bug adults. Our aim with pest and disease organisms is not to entirely eliminate them but to reduce them to a point where they do not make significant damage.  


Welcome to our Online Store where you can find Forest Garden/ Permaculture plants, seeds, bulbs and Polyculture multi-packs along with digital goods and services such as Online Courses, Webinars, eBooks, and Online Consultancy.  We hope you enjoy the store and find something you like :) It's your purchases that keep our Project going. Yuu can also find our full list of trees. shrubs and herbs for forest gardens on our website here 

 

Victoria Bezhitashvili who has joined us for the polyculture study this year has been observing and recording pests and diseases found within the market garden specifically those that interact with the annual vegetable crops. Below you can see a record of her initial observations made in April-May. Another set of observations will be recorded later in the year to follow up.   Many thanks Victoria for this report!


Pest and Disease Records - Annual Vegetable Crops in the Polyculture Beds - 2018 by Victoria Bezhitashvili


CROPFAMILYPROBLEMLEVEL OF DAMAGE
(IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY)
April - May
Kale
Brassica oleracea var. sabellica
BrassicaceaeWhitefly (Aleyrodes proletella) - most plants
Leaf miner – some plants
Caterpillars of Cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) - some plants
Not significant separately, combined effect can be significant




C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180609_162616.jpg
Leaf miner (unidentified) on kale plant

C:\Users\user\Desktop\pest-disease check\IMG_20180616_105809.jpg
Newly hatched caterpillars of Cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) on kale plant


CROPFAMILYPROBLEMLEVEL OF DAMAGE
(IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY)
April - May
Beans
(Phaseolus vulgaris), bush beans and climbing beans
FabaceaeBacterial bean blight (prob. Halo blight, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola)– some plants
Eaten leaves (prob. True bugs)
prob. Black bean aphid Aphis fabae, farmed by ants
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant


C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180609_162836.jpg
Bacterial bean blight (prob. Halo blight, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola)


C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180609_163005.jpg
Bean leaves, eaten by prob. true bugs




CROPFAMILYPROBLEMLEVEL OF DAMAGE
(IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY)
April - May
Maize (Zea mays), 2 different varietiesGramineae One variety - stunted growth in the shaded area, chlorosis (pale colour)
The third variety – new leaves curled, distorted, pale, prob. virus – third of plants
Potentially Significant
Potentially Significant


C:\Users\user\Desktop\pest-disease check\IMG_20180611_111249.jpg
Distorted new corn leaves, prob. virus


CROPFAMILYPROBLEMLEVEL OF DAMAGE
(IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY)
April - May
Early Potatoes SolanaceaeEaten leaves (prob. True bugs)
Wilted leaves, spots, necrosis of old leaves (Late blight, caused by the fungus-like oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans)
Not significant
Not significant at the moment of check, potentially can have a negative impact

                                                                                 
C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180609_163403.jpg
Wilted potatoes leaves, spots, necrosis (Late
blight - Phytophthora infestans)


CROPFAMILYPROBLEMLEVEL OF DAMAGE
(IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY)
April - May
Sunflower
Helianthus annuus
AsteraceaeEaten leaves (prob. True bugs)
Those near Paulownia – chlorosis (prob. N deficiency or lack of water), spots (secondary fungal infection), necrosis
Not significant
Can be significant


C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180611_110949.jpg
Sunflower leaf



CROPFAMILYPROBLEMLEVEL OF DAMAGE
(IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY)
April - May
Parsnip
Pastinaca sativa
ApiaceaeMaggot of celery leaf mining fly Euleia heraclei
– one plant
Eaten leaves (prob. True bugs)
Not significant
Not significant


C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180609_163826.jpg
Maggot of celery leaf mining fly Euleia heraclei
on a parsnip plant



CROPFAMILYPROBLEMLEVEL OF DAMAGE
(IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY)
April - May
Beetroot
Beta vulgaris
ChenopodioideaeEaten leaves (not specific pest)
Cercospora leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola
Not significant
Not significant, potentially can have an impact on beet size


C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180609_163702.jpg

Cercospora leaf spot on beetroot, caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola




CROPFAMILYPROBLEMLEVEL OF DAMAGE
(IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY)
April - May
Broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italica
Brassicaceae Whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella) – all plants
Aphids (green (Cabbage aphid -Brevicoryne brassicae) and black)
The harlequin cabbage bug (Murgantia histrionica)
Cabbage Curculio - a small weevil (Ceutorhynchus rapae)
Caterpillars of Cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) - some plants
Potentially Significant on some plants
Combined effect can be significant
Older plants are more resilient

C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180609_164316.jpg
Brassica or Cabbage Bug (Eurydema oleracea)

C:\Users\user\Desktop\pest-disease check\IMG_20180609_165300.jpg
Whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella) on broccoli plant


C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180609_165037.jpg
Necrosis by prob. heat wave on young broccoli plant

C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180609_164550.jpg
Cabbage Curculio - a small weevil
(Ceutorhynchus rapae) on broccoli plant


C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180609_165852.jpg
Aphids on broccoli plant eaten by Ladybug


C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180609_170239.jpg
Caterpillar of Cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) on broccoli plant


CROPFAMILYPROBLEMLEVEL OF DAMAGE
(IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY)
April - May
Squash
Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbitaceae Powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum – mild on old plants, prominent on young
Leaf miner – one plant
Uniform chlorosis on some plants – prob. N deficiency
Not significant

Not significant
Not significant



C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180610_112611.jpg
Powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum on young squash plant

C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180609_170142.jpg
Uniform chlorosis on old leaves (N deficiency??), squash plant




CROPFAMILYPROBLEMLEVEL OF DAMAGE
(IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY)
April - May
Basil
Ocimum basilicum
LamiaceaeChlorosis, wilting, stunted growth, spots– replanting, deficiency, bacteria (???)
Prob. Downy mildew Peronospora belbahrii/ too weak plants during replanting
Potentially Significant

C:\Users\user\Desktop\pest-disease check\IMG_20180610_111236.jpg
Weak and damaged basil plants, multiple influencing factors



CROPFAMILYPROBLEMLEVEL OF DAMAGE
(IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY)
April - May
Turnip
Brassica rapa subsp. Rapa
Swede
Brassica napobrassica)
Brassicaceae Brassica or Cabbage Bug (Eurydema oleracea)
Chlorosis and necrosis of old leaves – investment into roots
Dark leaf spot - prob. Alternaria brassicicola
Not significant
Not significant

Not significant



C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180609_165918.jpg
Brassica or Cabbage Bug (Eurydema oleracea)
on turnip plant (grown next to broccoli)


C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180609_165135.jpg
Senescence of old leaves on turnips



CROPFAMILYPROBLEMLEVEL OF DAMAGE
(IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY)
April - May
Tomato
Solanum lycopersicum
Solanaceae.Chlorosis and necrosis of old leaves, spots – late blight, caused by the fungus-like oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestansPotentially can be significant, previous experience proved no impact on fruits

C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180609_170711.jpg
Late blight on tomatoes, caused by the fungus-like
 oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans



CROPFAMILYPROBLEMLEVEL OF DAMAGE
(IMPACT ON PRODUCTIVITY)
April - May
Cucumber
Cucumis sativus
Cucurbitaceae Necrosis of leaves edges, spots holes – prob. downy mildew (caused by the oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis)
Green caterpillar (only nest?)
Not significant


C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180609_171451.jpg
prob. downy mildew (caused by the
oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis) on cucumber plant



C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.Word\IMG_20180611_110913.jpg
prob. downy mildew (caused by the oomycete
 Pseudoperonospora cubensis) on cucumber plant


   

Upcoming Forest Garden Courses 


If you would like to create a forest garden and gain some practical hands-on experience come and join us for our Design and Build a Forest Garden Course. We'll be covering site surveying, landscape design software, installing access, beds, irrigation channels, planting tree, shrub, herb and ground layers, and wildlife ponds. All in 3 days! And plenty of follow up material to take away with you to digest slowly.




Regenerative Landscape Design - Online Interactive Course 


Want to learn how to design, build and manage regenerative landscapes?  Join us for our Regenerative Landscape Design - Online Interactive Course from May 1st to Sep 13th, 2023. 

We're super excited about running the course and look forward to providing you with the confidence, inspiration, and opportunity to design, build and manage regenerative landscapes, gardens, and farms that produce food and other resources for humans while enhancing biodiversity.

Regenerative Landscape Design Online Course

You can find out all about the course here and right now we have a 20% discount on the full enrollment fees. Just use the promo code
 RLD2023 in the section of the registration form to receive your discount. 

We are looking forward to providing you with this unique online learning experience - as far as we know, the very first of its kind. If you are thinking of reasons why you should do this course and whether this course is suitable for you, take a look here where we lay it all out. Looking forward to it!


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

We offer a diversity of plants and seeds for permaculture, forest gardens and regenerative landscapes including a range of fruit and nut cultivars. We Deliver all over Europe from Nov - March. - Give a happy plant a happy home :)


Our Bio-Nursery - Permaculture/Polyculture/ Regenerative Landscape Plants 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Support Our Project 




If you appreciate the work we are doing you can show your support in several ways.

  • Comment, like, and share our content on social media.
  • Donate directly via PayPal to balkanecologyproject@gmail.com or via FTX Pay

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Design and Create Webinars - Forest Gardens, Urban Gardens, Permaculture, Regenerative Farming   


We're hosting a range of online learning sessions including how to create habitat to enhance biodiversity, how to design and build a forest garden, polyculture design software tutorials, regenerative farm, and landscape design, urban gardening and much more. If you would like to be notified when our next sessions are coming up please add your email below and hit subscribe and we'll be in touch.




You can also register for our online training, services, and products directly here.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------




No comments:

Post a Comment